Capacitance: A measure of the amount of electric charge stored (or separated) for a given electric potential. The most common form of the charge storage device is a two-plate capacitor.
(also referred to as a condenser) A multi-purpose device that can store electrical charge in the form of an electric field. It is used, for example, for power factor correction in (inductive) AC circuits. Capacitors are used to buffer electricity (smooth out peaks) and to guard against momentary voltage losses in circuits (when changing batteries, for example).
The circulation of carbon through its various forms in the environment. Briefly, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is fixed (i.e., converted into solid matter) by the process of photosynthesis in plants and green algae. These then die and rot under the influence of bacteria and fungi or are consumed by higher organisms in the form of food or fuel (burning plant matter or fossil fuels). Either way, carbon is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and is available again for fixation (i.e., incorporation into biomass).
A cascade happens when a part of the power grid fails and shifts its power load to other elements in the grid. Overloaded, these elements also begin to shut down and shift their power load onto other elements, and so on. The resulting surge current can induce ongoing failures and take down an entire power system in a very short time, “cascading” through parts and systems like a ripple on a pond until the grid collapses
Cavitation: The process where vapor bubbles in a flowing liquid collapse inside a control valve as the pressure begin to increase.
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